1. The circuit breaker is a state machine

    A circuit breaker modeled as an explicit state machine, with thresholds, timeouts, the half-open probe, and how to combine it with retries and jittered backoff. Implemented in TypeScript and Go.

  2. Idempotency in payment APIs

    Idempotency keys for POST /charges: retries, duplicates, stored responses, the in-flight lock, the TTL, and which status code to return in each case.